Electrical imaging of axonal stimulation in the retina

Abstract Stimulation of axons or its avoidance plays a central role for neuroprosthetics and neural-interfaces research. One peculiar example constitutes retinal implants. Retinal implants aim to artificially activate ganglion cells (RGCs) via electrical stimulation. Such stimulation, however, often generates undesired stimulation RGC axon bundles, which leads distorted visual percepts. In order establish strategies avoiding axonal it is necessary image the evoked activity in single axons. this work we electrically imaged ex vivo mouse retina using high-density CMOS-based microelectrode array. We demonstrate signal propagation tracking stimulus triggered average during high frequency (100 Hz) sinusoidal